基于LiDAR的农田地形环境三维重建方法     

郎朗  冯晓蓉  刘浪 《测绘通报》2020,(2):55-60

为克服传统农田土地平整测量方法耗时费力的特点，提出采用LiDAR技术对农田地形进行重建的探索性研究。通过HDL-32E型激光雷达等搭建了系统的硬件平台，应用C++语言编写了系统数据的采集程序；在此基础上对激光雷达所采集数据进行了标定，研究了农田地形重建系统中不同坐标系的转换方法；同时基于最小值去噪法设计了更适用于农田地形点云去噪的均值限差去噪法。通过对比在农田起伏较大区域不同坡度范围内RTK与激光雷达所测单元个数，对系统精度进行了评价；最后实现了车载农田地形重建系统的界面显示、应用与精度评估。结果表明，在10°~15°、25°~30°大坡度范围内激光雷达所获农田地形更为丰富，精度更高。该方法重建的农田地形模型点云数据和原始农田地形点云数据投影面积逼近度可达93%，验证了本文研究方法应用于农田地形环境重建的可行性，同时为今后的土地精细平整工作提供了理论参考与依据。  相似文献   

Lidar-aided analysis of boreal forest backscatter at Ku band     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

This paper analyzes the backscatter of the microwave signal in a boreal forest environment based on a Ku -band airborne Frequency-Modulated Continuous Waveform (FMCW) profiling radar—Tomoradar. We selected a half-managed boreal forest in the southern part of Finland for a field test. By decomposing the waveform collected by the Tomoradar, the vertical canopy structure was achieved. Based on the amplitude of the waveform, the Backscattered Energy Ratio of Canopy-to-Total (BERCT) was calculated. Meanwhile, the canopy fraction was derived from the corresponding point cloud recorded by a Velodyne VLP-16 LiDAR mounted on the same platform. Lidar-derived canopy fraction was obtained by counting the number of the first/ the strongest returns versus the total amount of returns. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of radar-derived BERCT on lidar-derived canopy fraction and canopy height are investigated. A fitted model is derived to describe the Ku-band microwave backscatter in the boreal forest to numerically analyze the proportion contributed by four factors: lidar-derived canopy fraction, radar-derived canopy height, the radar-derived distance between trees and radar sensor and other factors, from co-polarization Tomoradar measurements. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of the proposed model was 0.0958, and the coefficient of determination R2 was 0.912. The fitted model reveals that the correlation coefficient between radar-derived BERCT and lidar-derived canopy fraction is 0.84, which illustrates that lidar surface reflection explains the majority of the profiling /waveform radar response. Thus, vertical canopy structure derived from lidar can be used for the benefit of radar analysis.  相似文献   

二次曲面与最小二乘配置的组合模型在GPS高程异常拟合中的应用     

吕建伟  张志华  张新秀  刘祖昱 《测绘通报》2020,(5):127

在工程实践应用中，为了有效利用GPS高程数据，减少对传统水准测量的依赖，提高GPS高程异常的拟合精度便显得十分重要。为此，本文在介绍二次曲面拟合和最小二乘配置拟合基本原理分析、算法过程推导的基础上，提出了一种新的高程异常拟合方法。首先在二次曲面拟合的基础上，计算得到原始观测数据与拟合数据之间的残差序列，然后采用最小二乘配置模型对包括二次曲面拟合模型误差的综合误差进行优化减弱，最后得到新的高程异常。通过实例，将二次曲面拟合法，最小二乘配置法与文中提出的新方法进行比较分析。结果表明：新的组合方法的拟合预测精度要明显优于最小二乘配置及二次曲面拟合。  相似文献   

Evaluating functional connectivity in a small agricultural catchment under contrasting flood events by using UAV     

Aleix Calsamiglia  Jorge Gago  Julián Garcia-Comendador  Josep Fortesa Bernat  Adolfo Calvo-Cases  Joan Estrany 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(4):800-815

Concentrated erosion, a major feature of land degradation, represents a serious problem for soil and water resources management and a threat to ecosystems. Understanding the internal mechanisms (de-)coupling sediment pathways can improve the management and resilience of catchments. In this study, concentrated erosion and deposition forms were mapped accurately through field and aerial unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) campaigns, in order to assess the evolution of connectivity pathways over a series of three contrasted and consecutive flood events occurring between October 2016 and January 2017 (return period ranging from 0.5 to 25 years) in a small Mediterranean agricultural catchment (Can Revull, Mallorca, Spain; 1.4 km²). In addition, a morphometric index of connectivity (IC) was used to identify the potential trajectories of different concentrated erosion forms and deposition areas. IC predictions were calibrated by identifying the optimal critical thresholds, i.e. those most consistent with field observations after each of the events studied. The results found that the index performed well in predicting the occurrence and the length/area of the different type of landforms, giving kappa (κ) coefficients of variation ranging between 0.21 and 0.92 and linear correlations R² between 0.33 and 0.72. The type of landform affected the correspondence of IC predictions and field observations, with lower thresholds the greater the magnitude of their associated geomorphic processes. Rainfall magnitude proved to be a very important factor controlling the development of erosion and deposition landforms, with large differences in length/area between the contrasted events. The evolution of the observed trajectories revealed feedback dynamics between the structural and functional connectivity of the catchment, in which morphological changes determined the spatial distribution of the processes’ activity in the successive events and vice versa. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Using visibility analysis to improve point density and processing time of SfM-MVS techniques for 3D reconstruction of landforms     

Álvaro Gómez-Gutiérrez  Trent Biggs  Napoleon Gudino-Elizondo  Paz Errea  Esteban Alonso-González  Estela Nadal Romero  José Juan de Sanjosé Blasco 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(11):2524-2539

Image network geometry, including the number and orientation of images, impacts the error, coverage, and processing time of 3D terrain mapping performed using structure-from-motion and multiview-stereo (SfM-MVS). Few studies have quantified trade-offs in error and processing time or ways to optimize image acquisition in diverse topographic conditions. Here, we determine suitable camera locations for image acquisition by minimizing the occlusion produced by topography. Viewshed analysis is used to select the suitable images, which requires a preliminary digital elevation model (DEM), potential camera locations, and sensor parameters. One aerial and two ground-based image collections were used to analyse differences between SfM-MVS models produced using: (1) all available images (ALL); (2) images selected using conventional methods (CON); and (3) images selected using the viewshed analysis (VIEW). The resulting models were compared with benchmark point clouds acquired by a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and TLS-derived DEMs. The VIEW datasets produced denser point clouds (28–32% more points) and DEMs with up to 66% reduction in error compared with CON datasets due to reduction of gaps in the DEM. VIEW datasets reduced processing time by 37–76% compared with ALL, with no reduction in coverage or increase in error. DEMs produced with ALL and VIEW datasets had similar slope and roughness, while slight differences that may be locally important were observed for the CON dataset. The new method helps optimize SfM-MVS image collection strategies that significantly reduce the number of images required with minimal loss in coverage or accuracy over complex surfaces. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Stokes漂流对全球海表面温度模拟的影响     

肖林  史剑  蒋国荣  刘子龙  张成成 《海洋通报》2018,(1):55-87

Stokes漂流对海洋上混合层中的流场和温度场结构具有不可忽视的作用。本文基于WAVEWATCHⅢ海浪模式模拟的海浪要素计算得到Stokes漂流,将其引入SBPOM模式的动量方程中,从体积输运的角度研究Stokes漂流对全球海表面温度的影响。分析发现Stokes漂流与Stokes输运在全球呈现高纬度强于中低纬度的带状分布特征,且这种流动与输运对全球海表面温度具有降温作用,该降温作用的分布与全球Stokes输运强度相对应,高纬降温作用大于中低纬度,特别是南极绕极流海域平均降温明显大于其余海域,最大降温可达1.5℃,且全球月平均降温超过0.1℃。  相似文献   

Response and capacity of monopod caisson foundation under eccentric lateral loads     

Tanmoy Kumar Deb  Baleshwar Singh 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(4):452-464

Monopod caisson foundation is a viable alternative for supporting offshore wind turbines located at shallow water depths. This foundation system has to resist overturning moment generated due to resultant lateral load, arising from wind and water wave action, that can act at any loading height above the seabed. This paper presents results of a numerical investigation performed to determine the influence of loading height, caisson geometry and superstructure load on the ultimate lateral capacity, initial stiffness, and soil failure zone of the foundation, when installed in very dense sand. Both the ultimate and serviceable states of the caisson foundation obtained from the analyses are represented in terms of envelopes plotted between lateral load and overturning moment. Simplified expressions, which take into account the influence of caisson geometry, loading height, and soil properties, are also presented to serve as a preliminary base for design of the monopod caisson foundation.  相似文献   

华北克拉通地壳结构及动力学机制分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

武岩  丁志峰  王兴臣  朱露培 《地球物理学报》2018,61(7):2705-2718

本文对布设在华北克拉通三个陆块的199个宽频带台站记录的远震数据进行了接收函数计算.利用H-κ迭代方法获得了该区域基岩地区的地壳结构，平滑处理后作为背景结构模型中的基岩地区地壳结构；利用相邻算法对沉积层地区的接收函数进行了波形拟合计算，获得了沉积层结构，平滑后作为背景结构模型中的沉积层结构；结合前人的研究成果，完善了研究区域的背景结构模型.以此模型为基础，对接收函数进行了CCP（Common Conversion Point，共转换点）叠加成像，获得了Moho面成像结果，对比沉积层的成像结果发现：西部陆块中鄂尔多斯块体东部地区地壳厚度较大，约为42 km，泊松比较低，小于0.24，为长英质含量较多的地壳层；位于中部陆块的山西地堑地壳厚度小于鄂尔多斯块体，且变化较大，西侧地壳厚度约为40 km，东侧重力梯度带附近地壳厚度迅速减薄至36 km左右，张家口-怀来-大同一带出现了地壳的局部抬升，地壳厚度等值线基本以北北东方向为主，与构造带方向基本一致，地堑内泊松比约为0.26~0.28，前人对此区域的层析成像研究结果表明太行山隆起和阴山隆起存在壳内低速层，推测为地壳部分熔融以及上地幔物质上涌造成的；东部陆块中渤海湾盆地的地壳厚度较薄，约为32 km，部分地区小于30 km，其中冀中坳陷带地壳厚度最薄，约为28 km，沉积层基底分布与Moho面分布呈镜像对称趋势，沉积层较厚地区的地壳较薄，推测东部陆块在太平洋板块俯冲作用下，存在北西-南东向的拉张作用，使其内发育了大量断陷盆地.  相似文献   

Extracting drainage networks and their connectivity using LiDAR data          下载免费PDF全文

Jennifer Roelens  Ine Rosier  Stefaan Dondeyne  Jos Van Orshoven  Jan Diels 《水文研究》2018,32(8):1026-1037

Policies, measures, and models geared towards flood prevention and managing surface waters benefit from high quality data on the presence and characteristics of drainage ditches. As a cost and labour effective alternative for acquiring such data through field surveys, we propose a method (a) to extract vector data representing ditch drainage networks based on local morphologic features derived from high resolution digital elevation models (DEM) and (b) to identify possible connections in the ditch network by calculating a probability of the connectivity using a logistic regression where the predictor variables are characteristics of the ditch centre lines or derived from the DEM. Using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) derived DEMs with a 1 m resolution, the method was developed and tested for a mixed agricultural residential area in north‐eastern Belgium. The derived ditch segments had an error of omission of 8% and an error of commission of 5%. The original positional accuracy of the centre lines of the extracted ditches was 0.6 m and could be improved to 0.4 m by shifting each vertex to the position of the lowest LiDAR point located within a radius equal to the spatial resolution of the used DEM. About 69% of the false disconnections in the network were identified and corrected leading to a reduction of the unconnected parts of the ditch network by 71%. The extracted and connected network approximated the reference ditch network fairly well.  相似文献   

A method for uncertainty constraint of catchment discharge and phosphorus load estimates          下载免费PDF全文

Michael J. Hollaway  Keith J. Beven  Clare Mc W. H. Benskin  Adrian L. Collins  Robert Evans  Peter D. Falloon  Kirsty J. Forber  Kevin M. Hiscock  Ron Kahana  Christopher J. A. Macleod  Mary C. Ockenden  Martha L. Villamizar  Catherine Wearing  Paul J. A. Withers  Jian G. Zhou  Nicholas J. Barber  Philip M. Haygarth 《水文研究》2018,32(17):2779-2787

River discharge and nutrient measurements are subject to aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. In this study, we present a novel method for estimating these uncertainties in colocated discharge and phosphorus (P) measurements. The “voting point”‐based method constrains the derived stage‐discharge rating curve both on the fit to available gaugings and to the catchment water balance. This helps reduce the uncertainty beyond the range of available gaugings and during out of bank situations. In the example presented here, for the top 5% of flows, uncertainties are shown to be 139% using a traditional power law fit, compared with 40% when using our updated “voting point” method. Furthermore, the method is extended to in situ and lab analysed nutrient concentration data pairings, with lower uncertainties (81%) shown for high concentrations (top 5%) than when a traditional regression is applied (102%). Overall, for both discharge and nutrient data, the method presented goes some way to accounting for epistemic uncertainties associated with nonstationary physical characteristics of the monitoring site.  相似文献